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- Retirement Spending:
- Using a Spreadsheet to Project Cash Flows
- By Pat E. Daugherty
-
- Investors often pay little attention to their spending habits or relate them
- to the investment portfolio performance needed to support their lifestyles.
- The issue takes on greater importance during retirement when income
- generation generally declines greatly. In the February 1991 issue of the AAII
- Journal, Steven P. Somes examined the spending side of the investment
- equation. The projected cash flow template presented in this article
- addresses many of the issues raised in that article and provides additional
- flexibility and detail available to investors using computerized
- spreadsheets.
-
- The spreadsheets intent is to show the effects of income versus expenses
- projected over a specified number of years. The example starts with year 1
- and continues for 28 years for a person retiring at age 65, the projection
- ends at age 93. If you have rosier life expectancy projections, it is easy to
- extend the analysis for as long as desired by copying additional rows down.
- Year 0 is the point just prior to retirement. The only value we have for year
- 0 is the investment portfolio at the time of retirement.
-
- Reading the worksheet from left to right, we see that it first deals with
- expected income, then expenses, and finally assets. The growth of these items
- is controlled through the growth rate in row 11. For example, with Social
- Security payments indexed to inflation you can enter your long-term inflation
- estimate in cell B11. The spreadsheet will automatically escalate your annual
- Social Security payout by the growth rate you specify. You can thereby put in
- various growth estimates for your income, expenses and investment performance
- and see the long-term impact.
-
- The income section is divided among Social Security income, pension income
- and investment portfolio growth. The Social Security component assumes a 5%
- inflation factor, the pension component assumes zero growth, and 9%
- investment performance is assumed for the investment portfolio balance stored
- in column K. The income components are totaled in column E.
-
- Expenses, or spending, are tracked in column F and are assumed to grow at the
- same 5% estimated inflation rate given for Social Security. Of course, you
- can change this to any rate that you feel is appropriate. Examining the
- column, you can see that there are two points in time where sudden changes
- are made to spending. The first is in year 11 when the mortgage will no
- longer need to be paid and the second is in year 18 when living expenses are
- assumed to drop due to a home change. The drops are entered by adding the
- amount of the change to the standard formula for that year.
-
- By adding total income and expense in the balance column (H), an estimate of
- net spending or savings for a given year is made. A positive figure would
- indicate a net increase in savings while a negative figure would point to a
- year in which securities from the portfolio have to be sold.
-
- The portfolio balance is tracked in column K, with an extra column (I)
- provided for major asset purchases or sales that the standard spending or
- income column would not cover. Examples of this in the spreadsheet include
- the car purchases in years 1 and 8 and the net difference between the sale of
- the old house and purchase of a smaller house in year 17.
-
- Like most spreadsheet templates, the strength of the program rests with the
- ability to change assumptions and measure their impact. By changing your
- growth rate assumptions, income estimates, spending estimates, and portfolio
- values, you can see whether you would outlive your savings. For investors who
- would like to do this type of analysis but not mess with spreadsheets,
- financial planning programs such as WealthBuilder by Money Magazine can also
- be used.
-
- Pat Daugherty is a member of AAII and an avid spreadsheet user.
-
- (c) Copyright 1991 by the
- American Association of Individual Investors